The figure of Artemis remains one of the most complex and enduring archetypes in human history; she represents the untamed wilderness, the transition of youth, and the paradox of a protector who is also a predator. To understand Artemis is to look beyond the popular image of the Greek huntress with a silver bow. Her history begins in the misty pre-Hellenic eras of the Bronze Age, where she likely originated as a powerful local deity in Anatolia or Crete. As Greek culture expanded and synthesized various regional cults, Artemis was brought into the Olympian fold as the daughter of Zeus and Leto, yet she always maintained a distinct distance from the urban domesticity of her peers.

Her influence was not confined to mythology; it was deeply embedded in the civic and economic life of the ancient world. In Ephesus, she was worshiped as a multi-breasted fertility figure, a far cry from the chaste huntress of Attic pottery. This Ephesian version of the goddess became one of the most powerful economic forces in the Mediterranean, with her temple being named one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The transition of Artemis from a sovereign pagan deity to a figure of contention in the New Testament marks a pivotal moment in Western history. As the Apostle Paul entered Ephesus, the cry of "Great is Artemis of the Ephesians" represented more than just religious fervor; it was the final stand of an ancient social and economic order against the rising tide of monotheism. This book examines the objective history of this transformation, documenting her birth in myth, her height in Ephesian splendor, her biblical confrontations, and her eventual decline into the realm of folklore.